COTS in the Real World: A Case Study in Risk Discovery and Repair
• SEI Report
Publisher
Software Engineering Institute
CMU/SEI Report Number
CMU/SEI-99-TN-003Topic or Tag
Abstract
Like many organizations in both the public and private sectors, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is committed to a policy of using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components in new systems, particularly information systems. However, the DoD also has a long-standing set of security needs for its systems, and the pressure to adopt COTS components can come into conflict with those security constraints. The major elements of this conflict are the DoD's overall approach to system security on one hand and the economic forces that drive the component industry on the other. As DoD managers and system integrators look to the COTS marketplace for components to satisfy more security requirements, this conflict becomes more prominent. In this report, we describe an actual product evaluation where just such a conflict occurred, examine why that conflict exists, and outline the corrective steps that were taken.
Cite This SEI Report
Hissam, S., & Plakosh, D. (1999, April 1). COTS in the Real World: A Case Study in Risk Discovery and Repair. (SEI Report CMU/SEI-99-TN-003). Retrieved September 14, 2026, from https://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/cots-in-the-real-world-a-case-study-in-risk-discovery-and-repair/.
@techreport{hissam_1999,
author={Hissam, Scott and Plakosh, Daniel},
title={COTS in the Real World: A Case Study in Risk Discovery and Repair},
month={Apr},
year={1999},
number={{CMU/SEI-99-TN-003},
institution={Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University},
url={https://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/cots-in-the-real-world-a-case-study-in-risk-discovery-and-repair/},
note={Accessed: 2026-Sep-14}
}
Hissam, Scott, and Daniel Plakosh. "COTS in the Real World: A Case Study in Risk Discovery and Repair." (CMU/SEI-99-TN-003). Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. Software Engineering Institute, April 1, 1999. https://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/cots-in-the-real-world-a-case-study-in-risk-discovery-and-repair/.
S. Hissam, and D. Plakosh, "COTS in the Real World: A Case Study in Risk Discovery and Repair," Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. Software Engineering Institute, SEI Report CMU/SEI-99-TN-003, 1-Apr-1999 [Online]. Available: https://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/cots-in-the-real-world-a-case-study-in-risk-discovery-and-repair/. [Accessed: 14-Sep-2026].
Hissam, Scott, and Daniel Plakosh. "COTS in the Real World: A Case Study in Risk Discovery and Repair." (SEI Report CMU/SEI-99-TN-003). Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Software Engineering Institute, 1 Apr. 1999. https://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/cots-in-the-real-world-a-case-study-in-risk-discovery-and-repair/. Accessed 14 Sep. 2026.
Hissam, Scott; & Plakosh, Daniel. COTS in the Real World: A Case Study in Risk Discovery and Repair. CMU/SEI-99-TN-003. Software Engineering Institute. 1999. https://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/cots-in-the-real-world-a-case-study-in-risk-discovery-and-repair/